Economic Assessment of Network-Constrained Transactive Energy for Managing Flexible Demand in Distribution Systems

The increasing number of distributed energy resources such as electric vehicles and heat pumps connected to power systems raises operational challenges to the network operator, for example, introducing grid congestion and voltage deviations in the distribution network level if their operations are not properly coordinated. Coordination and control of a large number of distributed energy resources requires innovative approaches. In this paper, we follow up on a recently proposed network-constrained transactive energy (NCTE) method for scheduling of electric vehicles and heat pumps within a retailer’s aggregation at distribution system level. We extend this method with: (1) a new modeling technique that allows the resulting congestion price to be directly interpreted as a locational marginal pricing in the system; (2) an explicit analysis of the benefits and costs of different actors when using the NCTE method in the system, given the high penetration of distributed energy resources. This paper firstly describes the NCTE-based distribution system that introduces a new interacting scheme for actors at the distribution system level. Then, technical modeling and economic interpretation of the NCTE-based distribution system are described. Finally, we show the benefits and costs of different actors within the NCTE-based distribution system

Allocation of synchronous condensers for restoration of system short-circuit power

Abstract Modern power systems, employing an increasing number of converter-based renewable energy sources (RES) and decreasing the usage of conventional power plants, are leading to lower levels of short-circuit power and rotational inertia. A solution to this is the employment of synchronous condensers in the grid, in order to provide sufficient short-circuit power. This results in the increase of the short-circuit ratio (SCR) at transmission system bus-bars serving as points of interconnection (POI) to renewable generation. Evaluation of the required capacity and grid-location of the synchronous condensers, is inherently a mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem, which could not be done on manual basis considering each type of machine and all bus-bars. This study therefore proposes a method of optimal allocation of synchronous condensers in a hypothetic future scenario of a transmission system fed by renewable generation. Total cost of synchronous condenser installations in the system is minimized and the SCRs at the POIs of central renewable power plants are strengthened. The method has potential for application on larger grids, aiding grid-integration of RES

Modelling and Simulation of Cognitive Electronic Attack under the Condition of System of systems Combat

From the height of system-of-systems combat and operational perspective, the operations of cognitive electronic warfare (CEW) was analysed, and its main process and links were described. Secondly, the jamming effectiveness evaluation (JEE) model of cognitive electronic attack (CEA) operations was established based on the interference side, in which the change of threat degree was used as the measure index of jamming effectiveness. Then, based on the Q-learning model, an intelligent countermeasure strategy generation (ICSG) model was established, and the main steps in the model were given. Finally, on the basis the JEE model and the ICSG model, the simulation experiment was carried out for CEA operations. The result showed that combining the JEE model with the ICSG model can express the main process of the operations of CEW, as well as proved the validity of these models